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Dendrimer modified for pharmaceutical activity: red and blue groups are active; yellow groups modify bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic properties; and green groups target specific organs and tissues.
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A dendrimer is capable of polyvalent interactions with biological targets, such as receptors on a cell membrane.
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Typical small molecule drugs interact with single biological targets or receptors.
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Dendrimers are synthesised in a series of generations and are similar in size to naturally occurring biological proteins.
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Dendrimers are larger than typical drug molecules such as aspirin, shown here.
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A red blood cell, ~7,000 nm.
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A bacterium, ~1,000 nm.
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A virus, ~100 nm.
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Aspirin, ~1 nm.
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Size comparison of various biological structures and a 5 nm dendrimer. A hair is ~50,000 nm in diameter and is shown behind representations of a red blood cell, a bacterium and the HIV virus.
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How does VivaGel™ work?
View an animation about Starpharma's microbicide that is being developed for prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
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The HIV virus (yellow and purple) infects human T-cells (pink) by attaching to receptors on the surface of the T-cell.
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SPL7013, the active dendrimer ingredient of Starpharma's topical microbicide, VivaGel™ , binds to surface proteins on HIV, preventing the virus from infecting human T-cells.
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Several dendrimers may be assembled into larger, defined structures such as layers, spheres and chains.
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Dendrimers may be used to transform white light into single wavelength light.
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